Voir la source de Ébauche de première étude

== General idea == 
The main goal of this research will be to partially reproduce the design proposed by Newman & colleagues ([[Nonprobative photographs (or words) inflate truthiness|2012]]; [[Evidence that photos promote rosiness for claims about the future|2018]]; [[Truthiness, the illusory truth effect, and the role of need for cognition|2020]]) used to test the ''[[Truthiness effect]]'' which is testing how images influence perceptions of truth (cf [[Misinformed by images: How images influence perceptions of truth and what can be done about it|Newman & Schwarz, 2024]]).

== Introduction == 
Semantically related contexts produce easier conceptual processing relative to neutral contexts, an experience that people may interpret as evidence of familiarity. Likewise, semantically priming, repeating, or retrieving related information can produce illusions of frequency, familiarity, and truth—presumably due to increased ease of retrieval or cognitive availabilit (Newman et al., 2015)

== Example of Stimuli ==
[[Phrases utilisées pour tester la truthiness|Example of used sentences]]

== Considered variables ==

=== Dependant variables ===

* Behavioral 
** '''C scores''' ([[Nonprobative photographs (or words) inflate truthiness|Newman et al., 2012]])
** '''Proportion of "true"''' ([[Evidence that photos promote rosiness for claims about the future|Newman et al., 2018]])
** '''Likert scale: Croyance dans la headline (0-10)''' ([[Properties of AI-generated images that influence misinformation belief and correction efficacy|Guo, S., Zhong & Hu, 2024]])
* Physiological 
** Eye-tracking

=== Independant variables === 

* '''Image/no image''' : '' no photo items serve as a benchmark for processing by manipulating the presence of photos within and between-subjects. If the effect of photos depends on a comparison against a (no photo) standard, we should expect to see the most pronounced effects of photos in our within-subject designs'' (Newman et al., 2015)
* Type of image : 
** Semantically related (vs semantically not related)
** Obviously AI generated (vs "real") 
** Conspiracy Theory related (vs not related)
** Picture (vs drawing)
** '''Image quality''' : ''perceptual fluency and manipulations such as degraded images, difficult fonts, and low contrast colors that require people to invest more cognitive effort to make sense of stimuli, which in turn can bias people toward evaluating these stimuli more negatively the context of a truth judgment, additional cognitive effort might be taken as a signal that the information being evaluated is false.'' (Newman et al., 2015)

* Type of sentences relatde 
** Simple / hard ([[Nonprobative photographs (or words) inflate truthiness|Newmann, et al., 2012]])

== Biblio ==

* Newman, E. J., Garry, M., Unkelbach, C., Bernstein, D. M., Lindsay, D. S., & Nash, R. A. (2015). Truthiness and falsiness of trivia claims depend on judgmental contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(5), 1337. [https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/xlm0000099] [https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/25450/1/Truthiness_and_falsiness_of_trivia_claims_depend_on_judgmental_contexts.pdf]