Marsh, E. J., Cantor, A. D., & Brashier, N. M. (2016). Believing that humans swallow spiders in their sleep: False beliefs as side effects of the processes that support accurate knowledge. In Psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 64, pp. 93-132). Academic Press.
C'est un chapitre de livre
Introduction
The Issue at Hand
Defining Knowledge
General Properties of the Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base Has No Known Capacity Limit
Knowledge Is Interconnected and Organized
Knowledge Is Surprisingly Durable
Much, but Not All, Knowledge Is “Sourceless”
Access to Specific Knowledge Can Shift
People Are Good, but Not Perfect, at Judging What They Know
Examples of Errors
Overview
The Grading Problem
Side Effects of Reading Novels and Watching Movies
Repeated Claims Feel True
Tests Can Teach Errors
Adaptive Processes that Also Support Errors
Overview
Property #2: Fluency-Based Heuristic for Judging Truth
Property #3: The Knowledge Base Is Productive
Property #4: Existing Knowledge Supports New Learning
Property #5: Partial Matches Are Often “Good Enough”
Lingering Questions about Error Representation and Retrieval
Co-existence versus Overwriting
Direct Retrieval versus Construction
A Fluency-Conditional Model of Illusory Truth
Correcting Errors in the Knowledge Base
Overview
Basic Advice for Correction
When Should Feedback Do More than Provide the Answer?
Problem: Teacher and Student Preferences
Problem: Misconceptions May Be Motivated
Conclusions
The Science of Learning Is Not Different for Errors
Comparing Errors of Event Memory to Illusions of Knowledge
Open Question