Brashier, N. M., & Marsh, E. J. (2020). Judging truth. Annual review of psychology, 71(1), 499-515. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050807
Cet article est en construction: un auteur est en train de le modifier.
En principe, le ou les auteurs en question devraient bientôt présenter une meilleure version.
Abstract des auteur·trice·s
Deceptive claims surround us, embedded in fake news, advertisements, political propaganda, and rumors. How do people know what to believe? Truth judgments reflect inferences drawn from three types of information: base rates, feelings, and consistency with information retrieved from memory. First, people exhibit a bias to accept incoming information, because most claims in our environments are true. Second, people interpret feelings, like ease of processing, as evidence of truth. And third, people can (but do not always) consider whether assertions match facts and source information stored in memory. This three-part framework predicts specific illusions (e.g., truthiness, illusory truth), offers ways to correct stubborn misconceptions, and suggests the importance of converging cues in a post-truth world, where falsehoods travel further and faster than the truth.
Introduction
Pour elles, il y a des informations qui "feel false" et d'autres qui "feel true". Quelques exemples:
- A camel's hump stores water. (faux)
- Albert Einstein failed math in school (faux)
- Suicide rates peak during the holidays (faux)
- An octopus has three hearts (vrai)
- Anne Frank and Martin Luther King, Jr. were born in the same year (vrai)
- The unicorn is Scotland's national animal (vrai)
Avec cet article, les autrices couvrent le processus pour déterminer les "false claims" (fausses déclarations) ; c'est-à-dire si les gens pensent que l'information est objectivement vraie ou fausse (donc pas ce qui touche aux attitudes et à la persuasion).
The construction of truth
Inferring truth from base rates
Inferring truth from feelings
Inferring truth with consistency with memory
Summary
Correcting misconceptions
Conclusion
